Ironies of Automation

If

Automating the routine parts of a task leaves the human only the rarest, hardest exceptions — while their manual skill and situational awareness atrophy from disuse, precisely at the moment a failing automated system hands control back to them.

Then

“Keep operators sharp with regular game-days and hands-on drills, and design handoffs so a human takes over with context, not cold.”

Unless

Human-in-the-Loop Drills — better teaming, not less automation